Wiring Security Camera Systems

Wiring a video security system can be a difficult task.  It could involve crawling in attics, drilling through concrete, trenching and bending conduit.  For this reason, it is often best to outsource this task to a local service provider not only for simplicity but also to ensure that your wiring is code compliant.

There are two main types of wiring:  analog and digital.  Digital video security cameras (IP cameras) are easier to wire because commonly available CAT5 cable is all that is required for both video transmission and power.  Many homes and businesses may already be wired with CAT5 and the wire itself is easy to work with.  Pre made cable is readily available as are crimping tools and connectors.  Analog security cameras require RG-59 or RG-6 coaxial cable to transmit the video signal and they also require a 12V or 24V power supply.  You have the choice of running a separate power line or to use a popular “siamese” cable which joins coaxial and power in one cable, while maintaining shielding.

Coaxial cable is available in a variations to meet fire codes and installation environments.  Both RG59 cctv wire and RG6 are available in “underground” versions that have thicker jackets meant for being buried.  Using RG59, a color image can be sent up to 200m and a black and white image 300m.  Available in spools of 500′ or 1000′, BNC connectors need to be fitted to both ends of the cables using either a screw, crimp or compression tool.  For smaller applications, pre made siamese cable is available in a variety of lengths, primarily meant for indoor applications.  This is ideal for installations where wiring does not need to be run through small holes such as ceiling tiles, along floors or wiring closets.  It is possible to wire analog security cameras with CAT5 using “baluns” which are essentially media converters.

IP cameras can reduce costs of video security system implementations since common and possibly existing network components such as Ethernet wiring and switches can be used.  PoE IP cameras do not require additional power runs – one cable does it all.  To leverage existing hubs/switches that do not have PoE ports, power injectors are an affordable alternative.

Surveillance system wiring is a unique task for every installation and there is always more than one solution.  Got questions?  Contact us!